Speakers
Description
The transition to decentralised, low-carbon energy systems in South Africa requires solutions that integrate energy access with productive use, education, and local economic development, particularly in rural contexts. This study presents a physics-based feasibility assessment of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–biogas–battery mini-grid proposed for the Tiyani Just Energy Transition Living Lab (TI-JET Lab), a school-centred energy–agriculture system in Limpopo Province.
A first principles modelling framework is developed based on energy balance, solar radiation physics, and bioenergy conversion processes. The model incorporates site-specific solar irradiance (latitude ≈ 23.1° S), PV conversion efficiency, battery storage dynamics, and biogas yield from livestock-derived volatile solids. The proposed configuration integrates 130 kWp of rooftop PV, 400 kWh battery storage, and a 12–15 kWe biogas combined heat and power (CHP) unit to meet a load demand of approximately 450 kWh/day, including water pumping of up to 150 m³/day.
System optimisation is performed using HOMER Pro to minimise the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) while ensuring high reliability. Results indicate that the hybrid system can achieve renewable energy penetration exceeding 85%, with significant reductions in grid dependence and improved supply reliability compared to conventional rural energy systems. The inclusion of biogas CHP provides dispatchable generation, enhancing system stability by mitigating solar intermittency.
The results demonstrate that physics-informed optimisation of hybrid renewable systems can enable resilient, cost-effective energy solutions for rural institutions. Framed within a living lab approach, the system supports Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), data-driven learning, and community engagement, aligning with Fourth Industrial Revolution principles of integrated, intelligent, and inclusive energy systems. The TI-JET Lab provides a scalable model for coupling renewable energy, agriculture, and education in support of South Africa’s Just Energy Transition.
Keywords
Hybrid mini-grid; photovoltaic (PV); biogas CHP; energy–agriculture nexus; physics-based modelling; renewable energy systems; HOMER optimisation; rural electrification; Just Energy Transition; Education for Sustainable Development; Fourth Industrial Revolution
| Apply for student award at which level: | PhD |
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