6–10 Jul 2026
University of the Western Cape
Africa/Johannesburg timezone
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Over - Reliance on Simplified Physics Model: Students Explanation in Optics

7 Jul 2026, 12:00
20m
Lecture Hall C9 (University of the Western Cape)

Lecture Hall C9

University of the Western Cape

Oral Presentation Track E - Physics for Development, Education and Outreach Physics for Development, Education and Outreach

Speaker

Ishiyaku Mbela Abubakar (University of Cape Town South Africa)

Description

Visual perception cannot be fully explained by a single model, as it involves both physical models of light and cognitive processes. Light is described through geometrical optics, wave theory, and particle theory, each suited to different contexts; for instance, geometrical optics explains reflection but not diffraction, which requires a wave model. Likewise, phenomena such as the Moon appearing larger on the horizon cannot be explained by physical processes alone but require cognitive interpretation. While optics explains image formation on the retina, perception depends on the brain’s interpretation using experience and context. Early scholars such as Ibn al-Haytham and Hermann von Helmholtz recognized this connection between the eye and the brain, yet modern physics teaching often overlooks it. Therefore, a complete understanding of vision must integrate both physical optics and cognitive processes, which this study seeks to explore in students’ explanations.
This study investigates students’ understanding of light direction, refraction, and the Moon’s apparent size using a debate-style questionnaire based on Allie (1998). Students provide both selected answers and written explanations, which are analyzed using Grounded Theory. The instrument was administered to 140 first-year students at the University of Cape Town, provide insights into how students explain optical phenomena.

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Author

Ishiyaku Mbela Abubakar (University of Cape Town South Africa)

Presentation materials

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